FROZEN WORD, VIOLENT PATH: AN ANALYSIS OF RADUAN NASSAR’S AND RICARDO DAUNT’S SHORT NARRATIVES
violence; silence; Raduan Nassar; Ricardo Daunt; Brazilian literature.
This study aimed to analyse the different occurrences of violence and silence within short narratives “Menina a caminho”, by Raduan Nassar, and “Os autos de Beatriz”, by Ricardo Daunt, as literary productions that elaborate authoritative contexts. The research is qualitative and bibliographical. The comparative method is applied in order to establish associations between narratives (Carvalhal, 2003; Nitrini, 2015). To achieve the main intent of this work, the intersections between literature and society were observed based on the understandings of the integrative procedure (Candido, 2010, 2014) and the dialogical theory (Bakhtin, 2015), thus conceiving the stories as structures and discourses. Violence was studied according to Marilena Chauí (2017), who conceived the sociological notion of varied manners of aggressions being deeply rooted in the Brazilian society. Jaime Ginzburg (2012) and Karl Schøllhammer (2013), on their own turn, identified the productivity of the theme within national literature. Silence was understood as a non-verbal element of the utterance (Bakhtin, 2016; Volóchinov, 2019a), for which is necessary the attribution of a linguistic meaning (Barthes, 2003). In literature, such theme was comprehended based on the understanding of Lourival Holanda (1992), who saw in silence an indication of unequal social systems. As both violence and silence are intertwined in determined literary texts, circumstances of silencing, relative to the usage of force to make cease certain discursive manifestations, were also interpreted. As a result, multiple dimensions of violence, both symbolic and physical, were highlighted, such as the hierarchization of society, sexual abuse, rape, domestic aggression and torture. For silence, its apparitions around violent events were underlined, alongside the instances in which it was implicated in the maintenance of the Brazilian military dictatorship and in the self-protection of its opponents. Silencing, set apart by its forced nature, was identified within both narratives as impediment of the political speech. It was concluded, by the end of the research process, that the expressive means and the compositional elements from each narrative was responsible for the creation of different dimensions of the themes studied. They were seen in relation to either more hierarchical social relations or to the fictional materialisation of a violent state.