Towards a pragmatic-argumentative approach to the textual analysis of statutes
Textual Discourse Analysis. Pragma-dialectics. Illocutionary force. Multilateral Environmental Agreements.
Statutory interpretation has always been a key concern in the theory and practice of law, specially due to certain challenges derived from the vagueness or ambiguity of the legal text. In order to settle a conflict or dispute, either real or potential, in the interpretation of the meaning of a given term or provision, the interpreter seeks to adopt an interpretative standpoint stemming from textual evidence so that she can justify her interpretation. In this process, textual meaning is not given, but reasoned. Following this premise, this thesis proposes a theoretic-methodological model for the textual analysis of statutes, while taking into account the role of argumentation structures in the construction of textual meaning. In this model, statutes are first treated and established under the perspective of Textual Discourse Analysis (ADAM, 2011, 2015), emphasizing the identification of textual evidence that might be used in support of possible arguments advanced towards a certain interpretative standpoint. Subsequently, the model seeks pragma-dialectics (EEMEREN, 2018; EEMEREN, SNOECK HENKEMANS, 2017; FETERIS, 2017; KLOOSTERHUIS, 2006) to evaluate what kind of interpretative arguments may be supported by such evidence, and how they could be structured and categorized around the establishment of textual meaning. The model indicates how interpretative arguments anchored in categories of linguistic and textual analysis, such as illocutionary force (SEARLE, VANDERVEKEN, 1985; VANDERVEKEN, 1990), may be more precise and reliable in the justification of statutory interpretation. This thesis adopts the texts of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) as its main object of study, developing the model in relation to the resolution of potential interpretative conflicts regarding the definition of the scope and strength of commitments undertaken by the parties in such agreements. It is expected that this research might contribute to the understanding of the role of reasoning in the establishment of textual meaning, specially in what concerns studies centered in the intercession between law, linguistics and argumentation theory.