ARGUMENTATION AND RHETORICAL ASPECTS OF THE DISCURSIVE REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CHARGE AGAINSTRENAN CALHEIROS, ANÍBAL GOMES E PAULO TWIASCHOR: THE SERVENG CASE
Argumentation. Charge. Discursive representation. Rhetoric.
We investigate, in this Ph.D. thesis, the composition and meaning effects of the observable argumentative and rhetorical resources in the discursive representations of the charge against Renan Calheiros, Aníbal Gomes and Paulo Twiaschor - the charges of the SERVENG case. To guide the investigation, we seek to answer the following questions: 1) how do discursive representations - images - contribute to the persuasive effectiveness of argumentation? 2) In which ways do the proofs by the logos, pathos and ethos are constructed in favor of an effective argumentation? 3) How linguistic and discursive choices are used by the enunciator to construct discursive representations and logical, ethical and pathetic proofs? Consistent with these questions, we aim to clarify the argumentative function of the discursive representations constructed in the text and discourse; to explain the discursive representations effects on the effectiveness of argumentation; explain how logos, pathos and ethos are constructed and used in favor of a certain argumentative orientation, as well as to clarify how the linguistic and discursive choices are used by the enunciator for argumentative and rhetorical interests in the construction of discursive representations and for the logical, ethical and pathetic proofs. Our theoretical affiliation follows the constructs of the Textual Analysis of Discourses (TAD), by Adam (2011), with contributions by Rodrigues; Silva Neto; Passeggi (2010). In what concerns the study of argumentation, we rely on Aristotle (1969 [384-322 ac]), Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), Plantin (2008), Koch (2009; 2011), Pinto (2010) and Fiorin (2014, 2015). Specifically, in the studies on logos, pathos and ethos, we used the works of Maingueneau (2008, 2014), Amossy (2014, 2018) and Adam (2014). In a methodological way, we adopt the deductive-inductive approach, since we start from general knowledge (theoretical theories and categories) for particular cases and, from the analysis, by induction, we list particular knowledge with possibilities of reaching certain generalizations. Regarding the nature of the sources used, we classify the research in a bibliographical and documentary approach, having, according to its objectives, an investigation of descriptive and explanatory character, with a qualitative approach to the studied material. The corpus of the investigation is the charge of the SERVENG case, delivered in 2016 to Minister TeoriZavascki, who denounces the practice of crime against the public administration. The results show that the text plan adopted - according to the parts of the rhetorical discourse - plays a fundamental role in clarifying the facts and giving the situation reported and denounced the necessary verisimilitude regarding the formulation of the problem, the narration of the facts, as well as the demonstration and preparation of evidence. It also reveals that the poles of logos, pathos and ethos are more complementary than competitors and, in the various argumentative movements, these poles intersect in the construction and maintenance of certain argumentative and interpretative schemas with the construction of negative semantic fields in which refers to the actions and the discursive representations of the denounced indiduals