Aphorizating enunciation and panaphorization: the case of political memes
Memes; Aphorizating Enunciation; Textualizing Enunciation; Detachability; Panaphorization.
The development of the Internet and the creation of Social Networks brought people closer together and brought about a significant change not only in the forms of human communication but also in the texts that are altered to circulate in this virtual environment. Among these texts coming from the new technologies the meme calls attention to their plurality as to the form, the topics addressed and, above all, the fact that it is a discourse that represents the multiple voices of the most diverse social spheres. Everyone, regardless of beliefs, ideologies, sexual orientation, social class or age group, can share and even produce memes. With this in view, we chose memes as the object of study, since our research is part of the area of Applied Linguistics and this area has special interest in unofficial discourses. As the meme presents varied forms and conveys several themes, we had to make choices to delimit the corpus. Thus, we selected the politically imprinted memes. Our intention, however, lies not in an analysis of the subject matter but in the structural aspect of this type of statement. In this direction, we aim to identify how the relationship between the conception of anaphorizating (aphorizating statements) and discursive genres (textualizing statements) in the formation of the imagery memes, with the purpose of (i) analyzing if the imagery memes can be considered discursive genres; (ii) to observe if all the memes analyzed are constituted by enforcing statements; (iii) to distinguish the types of anaphorizating present in the analyzed memes. Thus, this research is based mainly on the postulates of Maingueneau (2010, 2013, 2014, 2015) and Bakhtin (2006). We also seek for contributions in the studies about the humor (BAKHTIN, 1985, MUNIZ, 2016, FREUD, 1905, POSSENTI, 1998, 2010 and TRAVAGLIA, 1989; among others), about digital genres (MARCUSCHI et al., 2005), internet and social networks (CASTELLS, 2003; LEVY, 1999; RECUERO, 2009) among other aspects, so that the understanding on the universe surrounding this type of text is amplified.