Free relative clause introduced by WHO: a functionalist approach
Free relative clause. Usage-Based Functional Linguistics. Formal and functional aspects.
In this work, I investigate the free relative clause introduced by “who(m)” (e.g. “eu conheço quem comprou os ingressos”) in written Brazilian Portuguese (PB). The aim is to examine it in order to detect formal and functional aspects involved in its constitution and use. In addition, I propose to verify how this sentence pattern can be located categorically, based on its formal and functional properties. The database for this research is composed of texts extracted from the set of corpora of the Para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB) project, particularly newspaper advertisements and private letters that have circulated in Brazil during the nineteenth century. The theoretical support is the Usage-Based Functional Linguistics, as characterized in Furtado da Cunha, Bispo and Silva (2013). In methodological terms, this research is of eminently qualitative character grounded in quantitative support and it has descriptiveexplanatory objectives. The results show that, from the formal point of view, this clause works both in the scope of the verbal phrase and the nominal one. Moreover, in this kind of relative clause, the "who(m)" loses some properties of relative pronoun. In relation to functional properties, the elements of this structure form a unit of nominal character, whose features are [+ ANIMATE], [+ HUMAN], [+-DEFINITE] and [+- GENERIC] and the principle of iconicity and some sociointerational issues underlie the use of this structure. Lastly, data analysis indicates that, categorically, this structure may be situated on a continuum between complement clauses and relative clauses.