Child. Child Mortality. Morbidity. Hospitalization. Health Status Indicators.

In the last decades, we have observed a reduction in under-five-infant mortality rates, although there still are numerous death cases that could be avoided by health services and proper assistance. This age range group has gained a new perspective by UN in 2015 through sustainable development goals, that aim to eliminate preventable deaths of newborn and under-five children, trying to reach 25 deaths per 1.000 born alive until 2030. Therefore, this research aims at evaluate hospital morbidity and mortality in Brazil during early childhood –children from 0 to under-five years old (4 years, 11 months and 29 days) from 2007 to 2016 –and put them into perspective to social indicators and Brazilian health assistance network. This is a longitudinal epidemiologic study, ecological time series, to be performed according to secondary data from the following systems: Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (Hospital Information System from SUS) and Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (Mortality Information System), in historical series ranging the last ten years (2007-2016) in a national view. The data was taken from DATASUS, a data system organized by Ministério da Saúde (Brazilian Health Ministry). The dependent variable aspects we used: childhood mortality coefficient, childhood mortality coefficient for children between 1 and 5 years old, childhood mortality coefficient for early children and percentual of children hospital intakes; as independent variable aspects, we used: Bolsa Familia Program coverage, Atenção Básica coverage, immunization coverage, Desenvolvimento Humano Indices, Gini’sIndices and poor people proportions. For statistical data analysis we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version 22.0, which serial number is 10101141047, and we calculated central tendencies and dispersion measures. We also performed the t test of student and Qui-Quadrado among intermediary regions of urban articulation. For space analysis and map production, we used TerraView program version 4.2.2 and Geoda version 1.2. The results we noticed that hospital morbidity percentual distribution for respiratory diseases is the main cause of under-five children hospital intakes. About under-one, it is followed by diseases from perinatal period. For children between one and four years old, it is followed by some infectious and parasitic diseases. About children mortality, we noticed a reduction in mortality coefficient for age groups until 2015 in all the 161 Regiões Intermediárias de Articulação Urbana. However, it is necessary to remark an interruption in this reduction tendency and a soft increase in 2016 for all the groups compared to the last two years of our observation period. Besides, we noticed a formation of clusters in space distribution for hospital morbidity and early childhood mortality which demonstrate a space dependency for an event occurring.