This study consists of the evaluation of morbidity and mortality indicators in the Northeast region of Brazil in relation to hospitalization for mood disorders (THA and other mental and behavioral disorders), which seeks to compare indicators of morbidity and mortality related to these diseases, in the period from 2007 to 2016, with the objectives and goals of the Prevention of Mental Retardation Policies in Brazil. This is an ecological, retrospective, exploratory study, using health information from the northeast region of Brazil, produced by DATASUS, through the Hospital Information System and Mortality Information System. The dependent variables are the hospitalization rate and mortality rate of the diseases studied and as independent the age group, sex, schooling and marital status. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data, by means of the study of mean, median, standard deviation and Student's t test, considering a 95% confidence interval. Thus, when the hospitalizations for mood disorders (affective) and other mental and behavioral disorders were evaluated, both had a reduction in the average throughout the decade, and mood disorders (affective) have higher values when compared to other mental disorders and behavioral. These data are statistically significant when submitted to the t student test. It was found that the average hospitalizations and mortality rate of both diseases showed a general tendency to reduce, however, with some points of increase, such as in the period between 2007 and 2008 for other mental and behavioral disorders and between 2009 and 2010 for mood (affective) disorders. The mortality rate from hospitalization has behaved the same in both of them during the decade. Still on the mortality rate, a greater number of elderly people are identified in the age groups of 80 years or more, followed by the age group of 70 to 79 years and the tendency presented is an increase in the number of deaths, according to the increase in the life years of the population. Regarding gender, a higher percentage of women were observed when dealing with mood disorders (affective), the opposite observed in other mental and behavioral disorders, whose male population has the highest numbers. Regarding marital status, most deaths were concentrated among single people. When the chapter on mental disorders was evaluated, it was found that, in general, 50% of deaths were related to mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use. When spatially evaluated, similar areas are observed over the years studied. Overall, the data indicate that the most vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, are more likely to suffer from mood (affective) disorders.