Banca de DEFESA: JOÃO PAULO TAVARES DAMASCENO

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : JOÃO PAULO TAVARES DAMASCENO
DATE: 30/04/2021
TIME: 14:00
LOCAL: Via Google Meets
TITLE:

SHOREBIRDS CONSERVATION IN BRASI: UNDERSTANDING THE PRESENT, KNOWING THE FUTURE

KEY WORDS:

Wetlands; migration; habitats loss; climate stability; climate change; habitats and species protection.

PAGES: 146
BIG AREA: Ciências Biológicas
AREA: Ecologia
SUMMARY:

Shorebirds are considered one of the most impressive groups of birds due to their long migratory movements between breeding and wintering sites located in wetlands, and sometimes located in different hemispheres. This complex movement associated with the great diversity of habitats used by species during migration also implies threats at different scales, and a challenge for conservationist policies that prioritize the protection of wetlands. Despite international efforts and the creation of a national instrument for the conservation of the group, few protection areas have been implemented. To assess information on patterns of richness, distribution, movements and how species will respond to climate change in the future, we have developed the present thesis in two chapters. In chapter 1, we assessed patterns of distribution, movement, and richness of 28 migratory and resident shorebirds species along Brazilian wetlands, using the kernel density method and generalized additive models. Our results revealed two distribution patterns assessed by the projections of the kernel estimates: some species occurred more widely distributed, mainly along coastal and inland areas, and another species with more restricted records, mainly along the coastline. These data also show movement patterns that varied for species, with some migrating only along the Atlantic flyways, others using both flyways (Atlantic and Central flyways), and some species using both. For the models, the best candidate model explained 97% of the data and it was influenced by the agricultural, forest remnants, urbanism, beaches and dunes and non-forested natural areas, the first two negatively affecting the shorebirds richness and the last three positively. In chapter 2, we used spatial predictors of climate, energy, and habitat heterogeneity to test which hypothesis best explains the patterns of shorebird richness in Brazil. We identified a negative relationship between species richness and the variation between maximum and minimum temperatures, indicating that more climatically stable environments are associated with higher levels of richness in the shorebirds group. In Chapter 3, we combined occurrence records with climate, topography and land cover data, to model the habitats availability of resident and migratory shorebirds in Brazil, and to identify how their habitats will be affected in future forecasts of different scenarios of carbon concentration (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Our results showed that both RCP’s scenarios indicated a balance of losses greater than that of gains, with most predicted species losing more than 50% of their projected habitats for 2050 and 2070. Still, using binary maps produced through estimates for each species, our projections revealed important areas located along the southeast, north and south coast of the country, regions in the Pantanal and along the Amazon River, which are also expected to suffer severe habitats losses in the future. In chapter 3, we will combine occurrence, climate, and marine variables to discuss the predictors preferred by species when choosing their sites along the coast, and how richness varies across these environmental gradients. Our study integrates additional information on distribution, movements, and shorebirds richness, in addition to future perspectives on the consequence of global warming in the habitats used by shorebirds in Brazil. These results raise the urgent need to implement measures to control impacts on semi-anthropized habitats, protection and better management of wetlands and implementation of sustainable policies.

BANKING MEMBERS:
Externo à Instituição - ANDERSON GUZZI - UFDPar
Interno - 3060333 - ANDROS TAROUCO GIANUCA
Externa à Instituição - ANGELICA MARIA KAZUE UEJIMA - UFPE
Interno - 2319234 - GUILHERME ORTIGARA LONGO
Presidente - 1439088 - MAURO PICHORIM