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Statistics of high school education. Educational statistics. Governmentality. History of education. Vocational education.
This thesis has as object of study the statistics of high school education and its relationship with the maintenance of governmentality of the presidents between the years 1971 to 1985 and aims to analyze, from the relationship between statistics and high school education, the educational statistics as a legitimating element of governmentality in dictatorial governments, between the years 1971 and 1985 in Brazil. In view of the above, we have as a thesis argument: the relationship established between statistics and high school education was one of the elements that justified and legitimized the governmentality of the presidents between the years 1971 and 1985. In order to prove this hypothesis, we have as central problematic: how the relation between high school education statistics, during the years 1971 to 1985, and the speeches produced about them, were used to legitimate the presidents' governmentality? And as secondary problems: how occurred the institutionalization of educational statistics in the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC)? How did the production of educational statistics occur in the MEC? How are statistics on education and secondary education treated and/or reported in the Presidential Messages to the National Congress? How were secondary education statistics advertised in the printed media? Were they used to justify governmental actions? Regarding the method, we used the historical method and serial history. The data survey was carried out by means of bibliographic research and document analysis collected from virtual archives such as: Portal Domínio Público in which we collected the Synopses Books; the site of the University of Chicago called Center for Research Libraries Global Resources Network space in which we found the Presidential Messages to the National Congress; site of the Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos; site of the Revista Brasileira de Estatística; and the site of the Digital Library of the Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados de São Paulo (SEADE), where we found the series Ensino no Brasil and Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira. This work has as theoretical references the theory of history, political history, statistics as a non-neutral element that composes a relative knowledge about society, the relations between state and culture, discourse analysis and professional education, having as basis the authors: Rusen (2010); Chaunu (1976, 1987); Bourdieu (1989, 2004); Rémond (2003); Cardoso and Vainfas (2012); Besson (1995); Desrosières (1995) Foucault (1999, 2002, 2004, 2006) and Chartier (2002). This research enabled us to conclude that educational statistics and those of secondary education were used to justify governmental actions, which demonstrate the use of these statistics for the maintenance of governmentality. Another point we identified is that the statistical production, regarding education and more specifically high school education, does not keep homogeneous characteristics regarding the categories. The Synopsis Books showed a great variation of categories and themes present in the books. With regard to dissemination and use, we can identify that these two elements are intertwined and often, as in the case of Presidential Messages to the National Congress, are strategies used by presidents at the same time, one in the sense of the other. The discourses, these then present both in production, as in disclosure. The analysis of the Synopsis Books demonstrate the use of the discourse on educational statistics, because at the same time that they disclose the statistics also magnify it, treating it as an absolute truth and not as a relative knowledge that manipulates society.