Banca de DEFESA: ADRICIA FONSECA MENDES

Uma banca de DEFESA de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : ADRICIA FONSECA MENDES
DATA : 25/02/2019
HORA: 09:30
LOCAL: Auditório do NUPEP
TÍTULO:

THE IMPORTANCE OF PREPARING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MUNICIPAL AND STATE PUBLIC SCHOOLS TO IMPROVE THE PERCEPTION OF RISKS AND DISASTERS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF NATAL/RN.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

Child; Disaster; Risk Perception; School; Preparation; Drill.

Child; Disaster; Risk Perception; School; Preparation; Drill.

 

PÁGINAS: 150
GRANDE ÁREA: Engenharias
ÁREA: Engenharia de Produção
RESUMO:

Children are among the segments of the population most affected by disasters. Many of the elementary schools in the city of Natal-RN, Brazil, are located in risk areas that concentrate a large number of children under fifteen. However, these schools can play a decisive role in developing and sharpening children's perceptions of risk and promoting the development of safe and resilient attitudes and skills in the face of possible risks and disasters, through educational and training activities. This research was held in schools of the municipal and state public network of the elementary school of the city of Natal/RN, in which the perception of disaster risks of the students (children) was analyzed in three main stages. The first consisted of holding workshops with Focal Groups (FGs) formed by students of the 5th year of elementary school  of a state public school located in the neighborhood of Mãe Luíza, Natal/RN, in order to develop and validate the survey (second stage of the investigation). In the School of Mãe Luíza - SML (fictitious name given to the researched school) four workshops were held, with an approximate duration of an hour and a half each, in which they participated 23 students from the 5th grade “A” and “B” of the school. Each workshop was composed of a FG, constituted of three to eight students, with a range of age between 9 and 14. In the workshops, oriented by motivating themes, the students were invited to talk about their perceptions of disaster risks and preparedness for the confrontation of risks and disasters, the workshops were recorded and, later, the words of the students were analyzed. The second stage of the research consisted of conducting a survey, which was prepared based on the results of the previous stage. Stratified sampling was used for the selection of the surveyed schools, based on the degree of socio-environmental vulnerability of the areas that compose the municipality, which varies from very high to very low. The present investigation was applied only in the areas of very high and high socio-environmental vulnerability, which add 26 of the 60 public municipal schools of Natal city, where there is the 5th year of the elementary school. For the calculation of the sample size, as well Like the random selection of the schools, statistical software R was used, generating a sample of size n = 11 schools (five schools being located in areas of very high vulnerability and six located in areas of high vulnerability). The questionnaires were applied to all the students present in the classroom in the days previously combined for the realization of the research, n = 400 students (being n = 191 of the female sex in = 209 of the male sex, with age range included between 9 and 15). The third stage of the investigation refers to the realization of a case study, which consisted in the realization of a simulated evacuation exercise of the SML, aimed at the entire academic community of the afternoon shift of the school. Prior to the simulation, there was a first aid workshop and three evacuation preparation practices (P1, P2 and P3) for the simulated exercise, constituted by a fire scenario. At the beginning of the P1, P2, and P3 practices, surveys were applied for all the students present, but only the ones applied to the students of the 5th grade were analyzed. In the exercise simulated 47 students (23 students of the 5th grade, 13 students of the 4th year and 11 students from the More Education program), 5 teachers and 7 employees, totaling a total of 59 participants. The first aid workshop, the preparation practices and the simulated evacuation exercise itself were duly recorded. After the performance of the simulation, a debriefing was carried out with the participants to evaluate it and self-evaluate. The same questionnaires applied before the practice of evacuation were again applied to the students of the 5th year of the SML. The results of the survey show that the notion of the term disaster, understood by the students surveyed, is varied and wide. However, analyzing the answers, the two most perceived situations as disasters by the students are flood (n = 151) and fire (n = 69), whose main causes attributed by them are, respectively, rain (n = 301) and playing with fire (n = 227). Flood (n = 180), fire (n = 177) and violence (n = 105) are perceived as the most likely situations to occur in the schools in which they study or in their surroundings. 83% recognize the importance of learning about when a disaster may occur. For the questions that refer to the behaviors/attitudes that should be adopted in emergent situations such as fire, flood and collapse, the answer referring to "going out as quickly as possible" was quite significant and presented, respectively, the following percentages: 31%, 30% and 36%. "Help young children out" corresponded to 21%, 33% and 33% of responses, respectively. In the debriefing performed immediately after the simulation, the students reported that the smoke produced in the simulated exercise had frightened them, due to realism. Encouraged by the simulation coordinator to reflect on it, the students negatively recognized the lack of attitude of all of them to help the students who had fallen during the evacuation and, positively, the behavior of the students who walked down when going through the smoke and the reduced time taken to evacuate the school during the simulated exercise, confronting with the time consumed in the previous practices. Also pointed as positive, for the behavior adopted during the evacuation of the simulated exercise, the received instruction and the practices previously experienced. Before the simulation, 61% of the students (n = 14) stated that, in a fire, they would leave the school, running to the street, and 39% of the students (n = 9) answered that they did not know how to evacuate the school. After the simulation, 100% (n = 23) of the students responded that they felt prepared to evacuate the school. It can be observed that the development of educational and informative actions and practices in schools, related to the preparation, prevention and mitigation of disasters, contribute to sharpen the perception of risks and disasters, and, consequently, develop safe and resilient attitudes and abilities of children. It is hoped that this research can sensitize authorities and agents of the Ministry of Education, the Civil Protection and Defense body and members of the school communities of Fundamental Education I - mainly those located in risk areas - about the importance of continuous preparation of children for the confrontation of risks and disasters in said schools.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Interna - 1218831 - CARLA ALMEIDA VIVACQUA
Externo à Instituição - PAULO VICTOR RODRIGUES DE CARVALHO - MCTI
Externo ao Programa - 1217091 - PITAGORAS JOSE BINDE
Presidente - 1217772 - RICARDO JOSE MATOS DE CARVALHO
Externa ao Programa - 2758574 - SARA RAQUEL FERNANDES QUEIROZ DE MEDEIROS