Geodiversity consists of the multiplicity of geological, geomorphological, pedological and hydrological elements and processes that gave rise to planet Earth. It is through the interaction of this variety of inanimate elements that rocks, minerals, fossils and other surface deposits will exist that give rise to landscapes and support life on Earth, with this abiotic environment threatened with degradation. From this, geologists and geomorphologists have focused their studies on the protection of geoheritage, mainly in the context of geomorphological patrimony, through geoconservation. In this research, geoheritage is based, as a set of elements of exceptional values, divided into different categories of patrimony with a specific focus on some areas, namely: geological patrimony; geomorphological, hydrological, pedological, paleontological and others. However, the geomorphological heritage, object of this research, is characterized as a set of landforms to which some type of value is attributed (scientific and/or aesthetic, cultural, economic, functional and educational). In this way, this research will highlight the theoretical-methodological contributions with regard to the geomorphological heritage and outline the geoconservation strategies, in order to carry out a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the geomorphodiversity of the coastal zone of the municipalities of São Bento do Norte, Caiçara do Nortes, Pedra Grande-RN, in a conceptual approach for the development of natural history and geoforms in the area. In this study, based on the methodology used, four sites considered geomorphosites were identified. Methodologically, the research represents a qualitative approach, with a descriptive purpose of the locations, geomorphological elements and other components of the landscape.The quantitative evaluation fits the application of values through four criteria, namely: Scientific value (Vci), Aesthetic value (Vest), Tourist value (Vtur) and Use and management value (VUG), which resulted in the identification of the four geomorphosites of high scientific value (Vci) and/or aesthetic value (Vest), with the identification of the geomorphosites Praia do Farol, Praia de Serafim, Praia de Enxu Quemado and Praia do Marco. The objective of the research was to list locations in the coastal zone with geomorphological potential and diversity of abiotic elements. We therefore highlight the importance of geoconservation strategies for these sites and the threats to this geoheritage. This information contributes to a more detailed description of this region, for which there are still few studies focused on this sector and with this theme, in which these studies can subsidize planning and management measures, in addition to promoting geotourism in these places.

This work seeks to problematize the existing relationship between the process of construction and expansion of urban space in the city of Caicó/RN, correlating the process of socio-spatial segregation existing in its urban geographic zones, especially our empirical object, the west geographic zone of the city. In this way, we attenuate our discussion about the consequent socioeconomic and socio-environmental vulnerabilities experienced by excluded social groups, mostly from low-income families, who historically build and occupy their homes in irregular areas, in old and new neighborhoods in peripheral areas, which in many cases , are neglected and neglected by public policies and investments in infrastructure and urban equipment, compromising the quality and well-being of these residents. In carrying out the research, we carried out bibliographic and documental studies, in addition to the exercise of analysis and theoretical-conceptual reflection, having as a product, the reflective construction of this work. Therefore, from the discussion on screen, it seeks to reveal a system in which the intra-urban space of cities increasingly becomes the production and reproduction, in locus, of countless conflicts, inequalities and socio-spatial segregation.

Brazilian urbanization has intensified since the second half of the 20th century, marked demographically by the overcoming, in absolute numbers, of the rural population by the urban. However, the accelerated urbanization did not necessarily translate into an improvement in the quality of life of the Brazilian people, further accentuating the concentration of income and social inequalities, fundamental elements for the understanding of the various urban socio-environmental problems currently evidenced. In the Brazilian urban space, the socio-environmental impacts arising from anthropic activities are more evident, highlighting the huge amount of solid waste discarded daily by the population and companies, collected and dumped at all times in the dumps, creating urban socio-environmental problems, such as fluids liquids, called slurry, which flows from landfills and dumps, thrown into the environment, polluting the soil and water bodies. The discarded solid waste is produced socially by different social agents that directly or indirectly contribute and interact within the production process through various domestic and socioeconomic activities related to agriculture, industry and service provision, whose final destination, in most Brazilian cities and communities rural areas, is the inappropriate dumping of this material in vacant lots, water bodies, roads and dumps, open-air garbage deposits. In Caicó - RN, the seventh largest municipal population in Rio Grande do Norte, with 68,343 inhabitants, according to the IBGE's 2020 estimates, as in many Brazilian municipalities, solid waste after being discarded by the population is deposited in common containers, collected in followed by the local urban cleaning service and, finally, dumped in the open in the dump, without any appropriate technical infrastructure or any criteria for separation or classification by the municipal public service. The dump currently existing in the city of Caicó constitutes a serious public and environmental health problem, impacting the environment by polluting the air, the soil, groundwater, rivers, dams and dams in the region, such as the river basin of Rio Piranhas - Assu, the main in Rio Grande do Norte, with 17,472 Km², or 35% of the total territory of the state (IBGE, 2010). Thus, this research will aim to understand the socio-spatial dynamics of the problem related to solid waste in Caicó, in an integrated, participatory and inclusive perspective, emphasizing the understanding regarding the planning, ordering and management of urban solid waste, in addition to other related nuances, such as the situation of recyclable material collectors in this context highlighted above. Thus, bibliographic and field research will be carried out to help overcome the current model of garbage disposal, with the effective implementation of controlled sanitary landfills, mitigating the socioenvironmental impacts of this problem, serving as a reference for initiatives that generate changes and overcome the socio-spatial problem above.

The present work aimed to perform the analysis of areas susceptible to flooding in the urban space of Caicó/RN from modeling techniques in GIS environment, seeking to relate the physical characteristics of the relief with the production of surface flow of the urban nucleus of the said area, through different techniques of geoprocessing and remote sensing, in order to identify flood susceptibility areas. Initially, the urban river system was characterized, making use of morphometric calculations, having as database the EAM derived from the SRTM mission of 30 m of NASADEM spatial resolution, which allowed the identification of the drainage pattern present in this area, which was classified as dendritic; based on strahler's classification (1962), being verified the presence of 53 first order rivers, 9 second order rivers, 1 fifth order rivers, 1 sixth order and 1 seventh order; 60 urban drainage basins were identified that presented compactness coefficient with classes close to the unit, corresponding to values between 1.15 and 1.67, morphometric ratio of the compactness coefficient (Kc), showing that in its natural conditions, the environment has drainage basins with high susceptibility to floods. For soil use analysis, supervised classification procedures of image and screen vectorization were performed, using scenes from the CBERS 4A satellite, captured by means of the WPM sensor, which has 8 meters of spatial resolution in multispectral cameras and 2 meters of spatial resolution in the panchromatic band, the classes of soil use and the measurement of these,  which in turn were defined as: Dense vegetation (12%), Thin vegetation and pasture (55%), Buildings (13%), Streets (3%), Water bodies (4%) and Exposed soils and rocky outcrops (13%). To estimate the surface runoff, the SCS-CN method was used, which made it possible to observe the presence of Lithic Neosols representing 58% of the area and the Chromic Luvisols occupying 42% of the area, both types of soils belong to the hydrological group D, according to the classification proposed by Sartori et al. (2005), this method also allowed estimating the average surface flow of each neighborhood of the city of Caicó, for different scenario of rainfall events and antecedent humidity conditions, where we considered an event of 107 mm (scenario I), a 56 mm event (scenario II) and a 29 mm event (scenario III). For the modeling of flood areas considering the physical characteristics of the relief, simulations were performed through routine execution in GIS environment in QGIS software, through the library “simlib”, do GRASS, the results of the final processing of this model, refers to raster maps that express the areas of flooding by means of pixels with values referring to water discharge, given in m³/s; among the neighborhoods with the highest rates of water discharges are: Paraíba, João XXIII, Walfredo Gurgel e Barra Nova.

According to the current stage of Globalization, also called the technical-scientific-informational period, socio-spatial dynamics are increasingly intensified in the wake of national and/or international hegemonic economic interests and the cultural particularities of each space, which can be transformed into economic potential. Thus, the geographic environment transformed in this period is studied according to the criticality in Geography, aiming at the analysis of the socioeconomic totality and interactions of the spatial dynamics in question and considering the inequalities and contradictions that characterize this totality. With this understanding, this work analyzes the urban and regional dynamics of Delmiro Gouveia (AL), with emphasis on the flows resulting from the realization of the largest free fair in the Sertão Alagoano, located in this city. In the first chapter of the work, geographic space is defined through fixed and flows, objects and actions, and as a social instance. In addition, the periodic market and the street fair are historically understood and a generic analysis of the northeast fairs is carried out, as economic and cultural events. In the second chapter, Delmiro Gouveia street fair is analyzed through the application of the circuit theory of urban economy in underdeveloped countries. For this, field research was carried out with the application of questionnaires with fairground, consumers and drivers of vehicles that transport people, objects and goods to the fair. This questionnaire accounts for the variables of the referred theory and, therefore, the analysis of the collected data allows the  understanding of the dynamics of the fair according to the mentioned theory. The third chapter questions the regional classification proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), which regionalizes state territories into intermediate and immediate regions. This questioning arises from the analysis of data from the field research carried out, which show that the flows to the Delmiro Gouveia open fair consolidate this city as a regional center in the Alto Sertão Alagoano. Such flows highlight interactions of this city with other cities in Alagoas, but also with spaces in other states in the Northeast and in Brazil.

In the society in which we are inserted, a conjuncture of world politics is perceptible in a movement that seeks to decentralize the decision-making power of the State to instances of governance in the perception of consolidating even more democratic ties and government actions with authenticity, efficiency and cooperation. In the Brazilian territory, this tendency is defended by the Federal Constitution of 1988, intending this decentralization as a presupposition for the elaboration of public policies. In this context, the Ministry of Tourism (Mtur) in 2003 elaborated a policy for the tourism sector, creating the National Tourism Plan (PNT) and within this plan the Tourism Regionalization Program (PRT), specifically to promote the organization of regional councils based on the management of tourist activity to meet the demands of internalizing tourism, as well as enabling collaborative work between public authorities, private initiative and civil society, with the main objective of internalizing tourism in Brazilian territory. This dissertation aims to analyze the public policy of tourism with a focus on the interiorization of tourism in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), taking as an empirical reference the municipalities of Martins and Portalegre. The research is based on the dialectical method, in which we understand the contradictions of the researched activity. This work assumes an analytical character supported by the ideas of authors such as Cruz (2000, 2001, 2007), Beni (2000), Fonseca (2005), Santos and Silveira (2006), Santos (2004), Moraes (2005) and among others. The dissertation also assumes a predominant qualitative character, based on the technique of collecting primary data (interviews). Secondary data were obtained through a discussion related to the PRT and data provided by the Mtur. The main conclusions are that Martins and Portalegre located in the Semiarid Potiguar have tourist potential, but lack of an effective policy for the sector and make these municipalities are inserted in tourist destinations in RN and even in the Northeast. It is noticeable that the lack of information about the tourist potential of Martins and Portalegre becomes an obstacle to the internalization of tourism. We evidenced a weakness in the data provided by the Mtur, as well as in the interviews and also in the PRT main source for internalization, in which it did not contribute significantly to the development of tourism in the territories of Martins and Portalegre, which is the reality of other municipalities. with tourist potential in the interior of the northeastern semi-arid region.

The Seridó Potiguar region is of great importance for the state of Rio Grande do Norte and for the entire Brazilian Northeast. With a highly diversified economy, this region has faced serious problems related to water scarcity and desertification, mainly due to the way in which the land is used. Currently, desertification is a phenomenon that worries many countries, including Brazil. In Brazilian territory, the Northeast region inspires care, as the climate and the current speed and extent of deforestation favor this process. Taking this context into account, the present research aims to investigate the morphodynamic processes in the Seridó Potiguar Desertification Nucleus, from the rescue of the history of land use and cover and its relationship with geomorphological dynamics, in addition to analyzing the process historical-economic and its influence on socio-spatial dynamics. For the analysis of land use and cover, the process of vectorization of satellite images by visual interpretation was applied, which were compared with the mapping of information from the past, in order to identify changes that occurred in this period. In addition to carrying out the mapping of potential fragility and ecodynamic units in which it identified levels of fragility of the environment. For these mappings, the methodology of Tricart (1997) was adopted, based on the concept of ecodynamic units, with adaptations by Ross (1990) in which new criteria for defining these units were inserted. The results obtained made it possible to identify changes in land use and cover over a period of 32 years and to identify levels of fragility from integration studies to understand the natural dynamics of the environment and the influence of human interventions. Therefore, the methodologies used made it possible to carry out an analysis of the Seridó Potiguar Desertification Nucleus and identify the main morphodynamic processes based on the relationship between the geoenvironmental characteristics and the social actions carried out in this territory.

Soil erosion, due to water action, is today an environmental problem affecting different regions across the globe. The disordered use of land in hydrographic basins can potentiate it, triggering several problems; for example: landslides, landslides, silting of reservoirs, among others. Thus, it is important to carry out analyzes of the implications of changes in land use in the production of sediments and soil losses in river basins. This research aims to analyze the relationship between land use and geomorphological dynamics, in the Barra Nova river basin through three mechanisms: mapping land use in the Barra Nova river basin, in order to understand the activities that are developed in this area area and its influence on geomorphological dynamics; analyze the geomorphological dynamics of the region from the identification of the different relief compartments at their different taxonomic levels; and infer the current stage of soil losses in the Barra Nova River basin, in order to elucidate the level of susceptibility to erosion in the entire basin. For this purpose, images from orbital sensors will be used to map land use and identify geomorphological aspects of the basin, in addition to rainfall, soil and relief data. For estimating soil losses, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) will be used. So far, land use mapping has been carried out with the identification of 11 classes of use that have been verified in the field, in which the Pasture for Animals class is the one with the highest prevalence, with 53.15% of area, followed by of the classes Degraded Caatinga, Diversified Temporary Cultivation, Shrub Caatinga, Artificial Reservoirs, Cities, Unidentified Use, Caatinga Arboreal, Villages, Extraction of Non-Metallic Minerals and Other Urbanized Areas. The Other Urbanized Areas class, in turn, has the lowest occupation area, with only 0.001%. The identification of morpho-sculptural subunits up to the 4th taxon of the methodology proposed by Ross (1992) has also begun, as well as the collection of data for the estimation of soil losses from the USLE.

In the current stage of Globalization, called the technical-scientific-informational period, the production of space is increasingly constituted by the uses of the variables technical, science, information, consumption and finance. Such variables are key to understanding the production of space in this period, because they are increasingly trivialized in social and geographical terms. Thus, in this work we study the dynamics of the Currais Novos (RN) region according to the banking network. This region of Rio Grande do Norte is composed of nine municipalities - Acari, Bodó, Carnaúba dos Dantas, Cerro Corá, Currais Novos, Florânia, Lagoa Nova, São Vicente and Tenente Laurentino Cruz - eight of which have their own municipal headquarters - in the context of the urban network in Rio Grande do Norte - as a small and local city, while Currais Novos presents itself as an urban center of regional prominence, as it has the most complex market and the largest demographics. Between 1954 and 2011, the banking network was expanded in this region, with the installation of bank branches in Currais Novos and also in small local cities. However, since 2016, the year in which a series of crimes against various bank branches in the region began, the expansion of the banking network has been revised, and in small and local cities, bank branches have been transformed into bank service points, as well as the expansion of the offer of banking correspondent services. Thus, today, there are bank branches only in Currais Novos, a fact that has been changing the dynamics of municipalities in the region and spatial interactions. Considering this problem, the objective of this work is to analyze the dynamics of the Currais Novos region according to the banking network, paying attention to the socioeconomic dynamics of local centers and the regional backcountry center, to the expansion and retraction of the banking network and to spatial interactions developed in the region. Through bibliographic research, statistical data research and field research, we systematized the work in three chapters: in the first, we apprehended the socioeconomic dynamics of the cities in the Currais Novos region, in the context of the economic restructuring of Seridó Potiguar, giving light to the process of tertiary urbanization; in the second, we analyze the process of expanding the banking network in the region in question, considering the movements of deconcentration and reconcentration of bank branches in the cities of the region; and, finally, we analyze the contribution of this banking network to the spatial interactions in the region in question. We conclude that the dynamics of the region according to the banking network is unequal, with privileges of spaces that concentrate greater flows of people and capital, while the other spaces locate less complex bank fixed, which are implemented focusing on the possibility of banking institutions to profit more with the lowest investment made.

It is clear that every individual or social group always aims to improve the quality and standard of life, however, this refers to a very broad definition, ranging from the individual's perception of feeling good, to measurements of comparable physical and sociocultural parameters. In this sense, a given population or individual to obtain these parameters in turn depends on another range of variables, such as basic sanitation, which has a direct influence on the quality and standard of life of a given population. Furthermore, the absence of these services and/or poor management can cause both financial and human losses, thus becoming a global concern and theme of several public policies, however, the problems of this theme are located right at the basis of formulation and/ or development of these policies, that is, the lack of primary and partial data that can support the achievement of goals, objectives and how the progress of effectiveness of such public policies is found. Thus, this research's main problem is to fill the lack of information (to gather data on basic sanitation regarding the pillars of drinking water supply, and sanitary sewage, to analyze and discuss its spatial distribution) so that government officials can become aware of the situation of its administrative units and improve its territorial ordering. Thus, in view of the aforementioned problem, this research has as its main objective to carry out the diagnosis of the operational systems of basic sanitation in the aspects of drinking water supply and sanitary sewage and to analyze its spatial distribution through a GIS platform in the municipality of São Fernando- RN in the year 2019. To achieve this goal, a GIS platform - Geographic Information System was used, feeding it with primary and secondary data collected with an RPA - Remotely-Piloted Aircraft (in Portuguese, Remotely Piloted Aircraft) and collection of testimonies about drinking water supply systems and sanitary sewage through the Inductive method, from the perspective of the geography of health on the geopolitical territory. With this it was possible to raise, systematize, analyze and describe the two systems for the rural and urban areas through a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis where it was possible to see that this methodology and set of technical procedures chosen was the most suitable for the region in view of dynamics of the semiarid region in which the municipality is located.

 In this study, time series of rainfall exclusion in the municipalities of Caicó, Florânia and Cruzeta were used, as well as the historical series of sunspots, to analyze and understand if there is any relationship between these two variables and their repercussions in the semi-arid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, specifically in the intermediate region of Caicó. The period analyzed was from 1913 to 2019. Exclusion data were obtained from the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of Rio Grande do Norte (EMATER), the Seridó Climatological Station (CP) and the Meteorological Database of the Instituto Nacional de Meteorology (BDMEP). Solar activity data were collected from the Observatoire Royal de Belgique, (ORB). For data analysis, descriptive statistics techniques were used, through measures of central tendency and dispersion, probability, return time, accumulated deviation, in addition to the Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results induced high amplitude for both protection and solar activity. The average, maximum and valid values are quite discrepant between the exclusion and as sunspots, but one can perceive a relationship related to the period in which these extreme values occurred (maximum and necessary solar x dry and rainy periods), cause there to be some relationship of sunspot spots in the exclusion in the intermediate geographical region of Caicó.