Banca de DEFESA: IGOR MICAEL ALVES UCHÔA

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : IGOR MICAEL ALVES UCHÔA
DATE: 06/12/2019
TIME: 10:00
LOCAL: AUDITÓRIO do NUPEG
TITLE:

Evaluation of properties and atmospheric emissions of diesel microemulsion with glycerin.

KEY WORDS:

Thermogravimetric analysis; Specific consumption; Mineral diesel S10; Gas emissions; Glycerin; HFRR.

PAGES: 125
BIG AREA: Engenharias
AREA: Engenharia Química
SUMMARY:

Currently petroleum-based fossil fuels are widely used for power generation and work. One of the main applications is in the transportation sector, especially mineral diesel. The widespread use of this fuel has increased emissions of polluting gases into the atmosphere such as CO_x, NO_x, SO_x and soot. These gases directly influence the aggravation of the greenhouse effect, cause acid rain and decrease the air quality we breathe. To reduce SOx emissions to the atmosphere, for example, sulfur concentration in Brazilian mineral diesel is currently limited to 10 ppm, according to CONAMA Resolution 403/2008. This ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) is also required in other countries. Another way used in Brazil to reduce emissions of air pollutants is the 10% volume mixture of biodiesel with mineral diesel consumed at gas stations. However, glycerin (a byproduct of biodiesel production) has become a problem for producers due to the large amount generated, where for every 100 liters of biodiesel produced, about 10 kg of glycerine results. The treatment process for sulfur reduction, oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds causes a decrease in lubricity in mineral diesel and lack of lubricity will affect engine performance such as accelerated wear, insufficient power, reduced service life, cause energy dissipation by friction and failure of parts such as fuel injectors and pumps. Therefore, in this work were developed microemulsionated mineral based diesel fuel ULSD systems with glycerine solution and two non Ephenylated ethoxylated surfactants with 4 EO and 6 EO that were able to harness the energy potential of glycerin, promote improvement in diesel properties and reduce emissions. of pollutants. Firstly, an experimental factorial design of type 2³ was developed to identify the most influential variables in the process, as well as the optimal value ranges. Seven fuel systems were determined with the aid of a previously elaborated pseudo-ternary diagram, namely: mineral diesel S10 (white of the experiments) and six formulations with a fixed surfactant concentration of 0.11 g R4 / R6 / mL diesel and with quantities of 15% glycerine solution added to each system ranging from 0 to 0.10 g / mL diesel in 0.02 g / mL increments. The thermogravimetric analysis suggested similar profiles for the different formulated fuels and the addition of surfactants R4, R6 and glycerine solution 15% increased the maximum decomposition and burning temperatures. All microemulsion fuel systems presented similar activation energies, calculated by the Ozawa – Flynn – Wall (OFW) method, of the order of 60 kJ / mol and when compared with the activation energy value of mineral diesel S10, A reduction of about 6 kJ / mol is obtained. The reduction in activation energy of these fuel systems suggests a reduction in ignition delay, improved burn and emission reduction when used in engines. In the lubricity tests developed in the HFRR (Hight Frequency Reciprocating Rig) it was observed as general behavior, an increase of the formation of the lubricating film, a decrease of the coefficient of friction and a reduction of the eschar formed in the balls. The best results were: double the percentage of lubricating film formation, 0.053 reduction in the coefficient of friction and 187 µm reduction in the size of the eschar formed when comparing the formulation with higher amounts of additives with the mineral diesel S10. The results of specific consumption tests for the different microemulsed fuels performed on a BD 7.0 engine at a fixed speed of 3500 rpm and six power load conditions show that increasing the water and glycerin concentration in the systems increased the consumption. of fuel at a specific load but this consumption becomes almost equal under the conditions of higher power loads. As for the analysis of CO, CO2, NOx and Gas Exit Gas emissions, the overall behavior was to reduce CO emissions and increase CO2 and NOx emissions and increase the gas exit temperature, when All power loads tested for S10 mineral diesel are analyzed. But for an analysis of each specific load, the behavior of reduction of CO, CO2, NOx emissions and Gas outlet temperature can be observed, being obtained in the best condition a reduction 19%, 5%, 11% and 10, 5% respectively.

BANKING MEMBERS:
Presidente - 1670497 - HUMBERTO NEVES MAIA DE OLIVEIRA
Interno - 347289 - AFONSO AVELINO DANTAS NETO
Externo ao Programa - 1566922 - LINDEMBERG DE JESUS NOGUEIRA DUARTE
Externo à Instituição - ALCIVAN ALMEIDA EVANGELISTA NETO - IFRN
Externo à Instituição - MANOEL REGINALDO FERNANDES - UFERSA